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Hallett’s report on the government response to COVID-19 — the second of four topics on the pandemic that she is assessing — found that the prime minister at the time, , presided over a “toxic” culture in Downing Street and regularly changed his mind, while leading cabinet members as well as key scientists all failed to act with the urgency needed to tackle the virus.

After weeks of rising cases and days after most other European nations had gone into lockdown, Johnson announced a U.K.-wide lockdown on March 23, 2020, arguably the biggest decision of any British prime minister since the end of World War II.

Hallett said the actions of the U.K. government, as well as those of the devolved nations — Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland — were “too little, too late.”

“Had the lockdown been imposed one week earlier than March 23, the evidence suggests that the number of deaths in England alone in the first wave up until July 1 2020 would have been reduced by 48%," Hallett said. "That is approximately 23,000 fewer deaths.”

She said that the lockdown could have been shorter were it introduced earlier.

“At the very least, there would have been time to establish the effect of the restrictions on levels of incidence and whether there was a sustained reduction in social contact," she said.

The U.K. suffered one of the deadliest COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe, with about 240,000 virus-related deaths.

The report took aim at several individuals, including Johnson, who was accused of being too “optimistic” in his outlook in the early months of 2020. Hallett said his special adviser, Dominic Cummings, used “offensive, sexualized and misogynistic” language as he “poisoned” the atmosphere at the heart of the government.

The COVID-19 Bereaved Families for Justice campaigning group welcomed Hallett's findings and put the blame for much of the failings in the U.K. on Johnson, who had been in the early days of the pandemic with the virus.

“While it is vindicating to see Boris Johnson blamed in black and white for the catastrophic mishandling of the pandemic, it is devastating to think of the lives that could have been saved under a different prime minister,” it said in a statement. “Throughout the pandemic, Boris Johnson put his political reputation ahead of public safety."

Hallett is overseeing a national inquiry into all aspects of the handling of the pandemic. The inquiry started two years ago and is expected to run until 2027. Its .