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A key text among host Brazil's proposals — called the mutirao decision — deals with four sticky issues, including climate financial aid and strengthening inadequate national climate plans.

A second big issue that has loomed over the talks in the city of Belem is creating a detailed road map for the world to phase out fossil fuels. Any such plan would expand on a single sentence—to “transition away” from fossil fuels—agreed upon two years ago at the climate talks in Dubai.

That language has not changed since and greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, heating the planet, which leads to more frequent and intense extreme weather events such as heat waves, floods and prolonged drought and wildfires.

More than 80 nations have called for stronger directions and Brazilian President also pushed for it earlier this month.

On phasing out fossil fuels, the mutirao decision says that it “acknowledges that the global transition towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development is irreversible and the trend of the future.”

The text “also acknowledges that the Paris Agreement is working and resolves to go further and faster,” referring to the 2015 climate talks that established the goal to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit), compared to the mid-1800s.

Some nations thought the text didn't go nearly far enough.

An upset response letter was drafted by some countries to the documents, possibly further delaying the proceedings, which need near consensus unanimity. An agreement is reached when no nation officially objects, which can mean several rounds of negotiations.

The letter was from 36 nations, including wealthy ones such as the United Kingdom, France and Germany along with smaller climate vulnerable islands Palau, Marshall Islands and Vanuatu.

“We express deep concern,” the letter said. “In its present form, the proposal does not meet the minimum conditions required for a credible COP outcome.”

“We cannot support an outcome that does not include a road map for implementing a just, orderly, and equitable transition away from fossil fuels," it added. "This expectation is shared by a vast majority of parties, as well as by science and by the people who are watching our work closely.”

Activists were just as unhappy.

“Hopes were raised by initial proposals for road maps both to end deforestation and fossil fuels, but these road maps have disappeared," Greenpeace climate policy expert Tracy Carty said.

"We’re again lost without a map to 1.5°C and fumbling our way in the dark while time is running out," she added.

Bronwen Tucker of the advocate group Oil Change International called it “a shamefully weak text that fails to mention fossil fuels, fails to deliver accountability towards rich countries’ finance obligations, and only makes vague promises on adaptation.”

David Waskow of the World Resources Institute said that it was clear the COP presidency was “trying to push this to conclusion as fast as they can.”

While COP30 was to end Friday, the U.N. climate talks usually extend an extra day or two.

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This story was produced as part of the 2025 Climate Change Media Partnership, a journalism fellowship organized by Internews’ Earth Journalism Network and the Stanley Center for Peace and Security.