FILE - People walk near Pinkfong characters, from the South Korean kids’ content company, during a coronavirus prevention campaign at City Hall Plaza in Seoul, on Oct. 12, 2020. The writing on the character’s mask reads, “Thank you so much.†(AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon, File)
FILE - People walk near Pinkfong characters, from the South Korean kids’ content company, during a coronavirus prevention campaign at City Hall Plaza in Seoul, on Oct. 12, 2020. The writing on the character’s mask reads, “Thank you so much.†(AP Photo/Ahn Young-joon, File)
SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — South Korea’s Supreme Court rejected a 30 million won ($21,600) damage claim Thursday by an American composer who accused a South Korean kids content company of plagiarizing his version of “ Baby Shark,†ending a six-year legal battle over the globally popular tune known for its catchy “ doo doo doo doo doo doo †hook.
The top court upheld lower court rulings dating back to 2021 and 2023 that found no sufficient grounds to conclude Pinkfong infringed on Jonathan Wright’s copyright. Wright, also known as Johnny Only, had recorded his version in 2011, four years before Pinkfong’s, but both were based on a traditional melody popular for years at children’s summer camps in the United States.
The courts ruled that Wright’s version did not differ enough from the original melody to qualify as an original creative work eligible for copyright protection, and that Pinkfong’s song had clear differences from Wright’s.
The Supreme Court said its ruling reaffirms the established legal principle on existing folk tunes as derivative work.
“The Supreme Court accepts the lower court’s finding that the plaintiff’s song did not involve substantial modifications to the folk tune related to the case to the extent that it could be regarded, by common social standards, as a separate work,†it said in a statement.
Wright’s South Korean attorney and Pinkfong didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.
Pinkfong’s “Baby Shark†became a global phenomenon after it was released on YouTube in 2015, with the original “Baby Shark Dance†video now exceeding 16 billion views and .
Baby Shark remains a crucial product for Pinkfong, which earned 45.1 billion won ($32.6 million) in revenue in the first half of 2025, according to its regulatory filing. The company has turned the five-member shark family — Baby Shark, Mama Shark, Papa Shark, Grandma Shark, and Grandpa Shark — into TV and Netflix shows, movies, smartphone apps and globally-touring musicals.
