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The charity said that several migrants aboard three unseaworthy boats had to jump into the water. It said that it rescued 77 people, but that others were forced aboard a coast guard vessel. Some family members were separated and at least one migrant drowned.

Frontex uses aircraft, drones and other equipment to monitor the EU’s outside borders, including in international waters. Libya’s vast search and rescue area in the Mediterranean reaches well beyond its maritime border to almost halfway to the Italian island of Lampedusa.

The agency provides the Libyan coast guard with the location of boats that it believes are in danger.

Frontex's executive director, Hans Leijtens, told The Associated Press that the organization is obliged by international law to report such incidents to the “appropriate authorities,� and that “if it’s in the Libyan search and rescue zone, it means also the Libyan authorities.�

“We have to inform them,� Leijtens said. Not to do so “would be playing with the lives of the migrants, because that would mean that assets that are available to save lives will not be allocated to the incident,� he said. “That’s a gamble I will never take.�

The EU has been funding the Libyan coast guard since 2015 as part of its effort to stop migrants from the North African country reaching Italy. As part of the deal, in Libyan and international waters and returns them to Libya.

Libya was plunged into chaos following a NATO-backed uprising that toppled and killed longtime autocrat Moammar Gadhafi in 2011. Over the years, several witness accounts of and on land have been reported.

Some EU countries have complained that charity ships looking for migrants in trouble at sea are only encouraging more people to come to Europe. Italy, for example, has sought to impound some aid vessels. But Leijtens said that it’s important for Frontex to work with nongovernmental organizations.

“I think it’s important that that we are not blocking any cooperation,� he said. “Whatever it takes to save lives is very important.�

According to the International Organization for Migration's Missing Migrants Project, at least 962 migrants were reported dead and 1,563 others missing off Libya in 2023. Around 17,200 migrants were intercepted and returned to Libya last year.

Leijtens said that Frontex lacks a mandate, sufficient funds and equipment to carry out rescue work.

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