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The four-day Keris Woomera 2024 exercise highlighted the cooperation between the countries strengthened by the recent signing of the

Although Indonesia is often presented as one of Australia’s most important neighbors and strategic allies, the relationship has fluctuated.

Recent disagreements include allegations that Australia had wiretapped private phone calls of a past Indonesian president, Indonesia’s use of capital punishment on Australian drug smugglers, and the smuggling of migrants.

“This joint exercise aimed to strengthening the partnership between Indonesia and Australia as we are building trust and to increase capabilities and interoperability,� said Lt. Col. Empri Airudin, who lead the Indonesian delegation. “It can also be regarded as a way of maintaining security and stability in the region.�

The exercise is also part of Indo-Pacific Endeavour 2024, Australia’s largest international engagement activity in the region, taking place in Australia and Indonesia, Commander of the Australian Amphibious Task Force Captain Chris Doherty told reporters.

“This bilateral exercise will test all facets of the Australian Amphibious Task Force, and allow all its components to work effectively together as a cohesive team with our Indonesian partners,� he said, adding that the KW24 could provide the troops of the two nations with the ability to rapidly deploy forces in response to a range of missions.

Analysts consider Indonesia's defense a priority of new President . He wants to expand his military by buying submarines, frigates and fighter jets and wants to initiate more defense cooperation with various countries.

Indonesia has held military exercises with other countries, including the Russian navy on Nov. 4 in Indonesia’s East Java seas, as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine brought renewed concerns over China’s assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific.

Last month, Indonesia said its patrol ships that disrupted a survey being undertaken by a state-owned energy company in a part of the South China Sea disputed by both countries.

China has rapidly expanded its military and has become increasingly assertive in pursuing territorial claims in the South China Sea, which Beijing claims virtually in its entirety. The tensions have led to more , primarily with the Philippines and Vietnam, though the longtime territorial disputes also involve Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and Taiwan.

However, during Subianto’s first overseas visit as Indonesia’s new leader to Beijing during weekend, he called for with China after the signing of $10 billion in new deals at a business forum before departing to the U.S. on Sunday. He and Chinese President Xi Jinping agreed to hold a first-ever joint meeting of their foreign and defense ministers in 2025.

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Karmini reported from Jakarta, Indonesia.