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About 9.4 million people were eligible to vote for the new state legislature in Bavaria and around 4.3 million in neighboring Hesse, a region that includes Germany's financial capital, Frankfurt. Both states were already led by the country's main opposition Union bloc, made up of the Christian Democratic Union and the Bavaria-only Christian Social Union.

Projections for ARD and ZDF public television based on exit polls and well-advanced counting showed the CSU, which has led Bavaria since 1957, extending that run with support of nearly 37% — little changed from five years ago and around 20 points ahead of its nearest rival. In Hesse, the CDU was seen winning about 34% of the vote, making gains and also far ahead of its rivals.

The far-right party, which has risen to second place in national polls behind the Union, won’t be a factor in determining the states' new governments, as other parties refused to work with it.

But it looked likely to finish second in Hesse and possibly also in Bavaria. Projections showed it taking about 18% of the vote in Hesse and 16% in Bavaria, improving significantly on lower double-digit showings when the two states last voted in 2018.

They showed disappointing results for the three national governing parties — Scholz's center-left Social Democrats, the environmentalist Greens and the pro-business Free Democrats. Hesse's conservative governor, Boris Rhein, was challenged by both his current Green deputy and by the Social Democrats' candidate, national Interior Minister Nancy Faeser.

But neither came anywhere near loosening the CDU's 24-year hold on the job. The projections showed them each with about 15%. Leading Social Democrats made clear that they still back Faeser as interior minister.

Scholz's governing coalition has turned off voters with repeated public squabbling, notably on a plan to replace with greener alternatives.

The projections showed the Free Democrats falling short of the 5% support needed to stay in Bavaria's state legislature and uncertain of hitting that mark in Hesse. Previous election flops for the party have fueled tensions in the national government.

Lars Klingbeil, one of the Social Democrats’ leaders, said voters sent “a signal to the three (governing) parties that there needs to be a different speed when it comes to solving the problems of the people in this country.�

“This is about making Germany a strong economic nation again,� Klingbeil said. “Many crises of recent years have contributed to the situation being what it is; that isn't the (coalition's) fault, but we must solve it ... and I expect a different speed and a different style than in recent months from the government.�

“We do a lot of good things with each other and talk them down at times," said Omid Nouripour, the Greens' national co-leader. And he said that “above all, AfD's results are alarming and we must do everything to win back confidence.�

AfD's chief whip in the German parliament, Bernd Baumann, said that “the wind is changing in Germany — it is switching from left to right.� He charged that the mainstream conservative opposition, which has assailed the government on migration, is “twisting in the wind, and AfD is the wind.�

In Munich, governor Markus Soeder declared that “Bavaria has voted for stability� in difficult times.

He has bet on continuing his current coalition with the Free Voters, a conservative party that is strong locally but isn't represented in the national parliament.

Soeder to keep that party's leader, Hubert Aiwanger, as his deputy governor despite a furor that started with allegations — denied by Aiwanger — that he was responsible for an antisemitic flyer when he was a high school student 35 years ago. Aiwanger's party was projected to take about 15% of the vote, gaining support.

Soeder has been widely considered a potential candidate to challenge Scholz in 2025, although he has denied such ambitions. Sunday's showing, though poor by his party's historical standards, is unlikely to end that speculation.