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Here’s a closer look:

Israel and Hamas

The current ceasefire and hostage deal is a major achievement, but Israel has said it won’t move into the truce’s more difficult second phase until the remains of the last hostage are released from Gaza. And Hamas has threatened to halt the agreement because it says Israel isn't allowing enough aid into Gaza and continues deadly strikes on Palestinians there.

The path to a , let alone a two-state solution for the Palestinians, is long and complicated. Issues ahead include disarming Hamas, creating and deploying an international security force, determining Gaza’s future governance and further withdrawing Israeli forces from the devastated territory.

With the Trump-Netanyahu meeting, Washington wants to create fresh momentum for next steps in the U.S.-brokered truce that took effect on Oct. 10 and is largely holding.

Israel and Iran

Trump is credited with ending the . In June, Israel on and military leadership, saying it wanted to stop Tehran from building a nuclear weapon. Iran has denied it was trying to do that.

Trump negotiated a ceasefire after directing U.S. warplanes to strike Iran’s Fordo, Isfahan and Natanz nuclear sites.

Evelyn Farkas, executive director of Arizona State University’s McCain Institute, has said that Trump should get credit for ending the war, adding that “it didn’t have any real end in sight before President Trump got involved and gave them an ultimatum.�

Lawrence Haas, a senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the American Foreign Policy Council, agreed the U.S. was instrumental but characterized the ceasefire as a temporary respite from the ongoing “day-to-day cold war."

Egypt and Ethiopia

Mediation efforts, which do not directly involve the United States, have stalled in what is best described as heightened tensions, not war.

The on the Blue Nile has caused friction between Ethiopia and Egypt and Sudan since the project was announced more than a decade ago. The dam was .

Egypt and Sudan oppose the dam. Egyptian agriculture relies on the river almost entirely. Sudan fears flooding and wants to protect its own dams.

During his first term, Trump between Ethiopia and Egypt. He could not get the countries to agree.

India and Pakistan

The April in Indian-controlled Kashmir closer to war than they had been in years, but a ceasefire was reached.

Trump has claimed that the U.S. brokered the ceasefire, which he said came about in part because he offered trade concessions. Pakistan thanked Trump. India denied Trump’s claims, saying there was no conversation between the U.S. and India on trade in regards to the ceasefire.

Haas and Farkas have said they believe the U.S. deserves some credit for helping stop the fighting. “Again, I’m not sure whether you would define that as a full-blown war,� Farkas added.

Serbia and Kosovo

The White House lists the conflict between as one that Trump resolved. But there has been no threat of a war between the neighbors during Trump’s second term or any significant contribution from him this year to improve relations.

Kosovo is a former Serbian province that declared independence in 2008. Tensions have persisted but never to the point of war, mostly because have been deployed in Kosovo, which has been recognized by more than 100 countries.

During his first term, Trump between the countries, but much of what was agreed on was never carried out.

Rwanda and Congo

Trump has played a key role in peace efforts between the African neighbors, but he is not alone and the conflict is far from over.

, rich in minerals, this year saw the return of the . It is backed by Rwanda, which claims it is protecting territorial interests and that some of those who participated in the are working with the .

In June, the Congolese and Rwandan foreign ministers at the White House. And in early December, the countries' presidents signed a peace deal as Trump looked on. But the M23 has said it would not abide by an agreement that did not directly involve it. Days after the latest signing, the rebels before claiming to withdraw.

There is also a separate , but the parties have accused each other of violating the ceasefire.

Armenia and Azerbaijan

In August, Trump at the White House, where they signed a deal aimed at ending a decades-long conflict. The countries signed agreements intended to reopen key transportation routes and reaffirm their commitment to signing a peace treaty. The text of the treaty was initialed by foreign ministers, which indicates preliminary approval. But the leaders have yet to sign the treaty and parliaments have yet to ratify it.

Armenia and Azerbaijan have fought over territory since the early 1990s, when ethnic Armenian forces took control of the Karabakh province, known internationally as , and nearby territories. In 2020, recaptured broad swaths of territory. , but in September 2023, Azerbaijani forces launched a lightning blitz to retake remaining portions.

The two countries have worked toward normalizing ties ever since.

Cambodia and Thailand

Officials from Thailand and Cambodia credit Trump with pushing the Asian neighbors to agree to a ceasefire in this summer’s brief border conflict. But in recent weeks.

Cambodia and Thailand have clashed over their shared border. pressed for an unconditional ceasefire, but there was little headway until Trump intervened. Trump said he warned the Thai and Cambodian leaders that the U.S. would not move forward with trade agreements if hostilities continued.

Ken Lohatepanont, a political analyst and University of Michigan doctoral candidate, has said that Trump’s decision to "condition a successful conclusion to these talks on a ceasefire likely played a significant role in ensuring that both sides came to the negotiating table when they did.�

A more detailed followed, also under Trump's pressure. But heavy fighting broke out in early December. A was signed on Dec. 27.

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