Dr. Alana Westwood, Dalhousie University, right, and Ben Collison, PhD student at Dalhousie University, pose in this undated handout photo. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Alana Westwood (Mandatory credit)
Dr. Alana Westwood, Dalhousie University, right, and Ben Collison, PhD student at Dalhousie University, pose in this undated handout photo. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Alana Westwood (Mandatory credit)
Ben Collison, PhD student at Dalhousie University, poses in this undated handout photo. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout
Dr. Alana Westwood, Dalhousie University, poses in this undated handout photo. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Handout - Alana Westwood (Mandatory credit)
HALIFAX - A new report from Dalhousie University shows flaws in the environmental review process for mining operations in Canada, with researchers finding that data for 20 per cent of the projects they reviewed was incomplete or missing entirely from public records.
The report collected all available environmental impact assessments on mining projects dating back to 1974 鈥 that鈥檚 266 assessments on 227 projects over 50 years. However, researchers ran into problems. Some provinces, such as British Columbia, had a fully digitized and accessible system; the records for other jurisdictions were much harder to access or simply not available.聽
Without complete data from environmental assessments, researchers aren鈥檛 able to properly judge how a mine is impacting the surrounding community. And regulators can't establish a baseline for measuring environmental damage.
鈥淲hen we鈥檙e talking about starting new projects 鈥 there are what鈥檚 called 鈥榗umulative effects,鈥欌 Dr. Alana Westwood, lead author of the report, said in a recent interview. "Pollution or contamination from a mine can build up over time, reaching dangerous thresholds.聽
Passing thresholds can lead to a species dying out, or to serious contamination of groundwater that can leave communities without clean water, she said. 鈥淚f we don鈥檛 have baseline data, we don鈥檛 know where we started and we can鈥檛 estimate or understand the potential impacts.鈥
In one instance, researchers filed an access request with Nova Scotia for environmental assessments done before the year 2000. Nova Scotia started requiring environment assessments in 1989, but prior to 2000 they were done manually.聽
鈥淲e filed our (freedom of information request), and they told us it would cost $6,000,鈥 says Ben Collison, PhD student at Dalhousie and co-author of the report. 鈥淥ur lab doesn鈥檛 have $6,000 in funding and years to wait for that to happen.鈥澛
Westwood and Collison also found that provincial and federal environmental assessments on the same project didn't match in two-thirds of the cases they studied. The assessments looked at separate parts of the project or used different terms, making it difficult for researchers to get a full picture of the environmental risks of the mine.聽
好色tv mining is a big industry, accounting for about six per cent of the country鈥檚 economy. But mining also leaves a big footprint. The report shows there could be more than 10,000 abandoned mines across the country, continuing to pollute the environment with no oversight.
Several operational mines run at a huge scale. The Star-Orion Diamond Project in Saskatchewan, for example, is more than 850 times the size of the Rogers Centre in Toronto. The entire mine is roughly the size of the city of Camrose, Alta.
Westwood says environmental assessments are invaluable tools for mining projects, but the current system is not being used effectively. Collison, meanwhile, says the provinces and the federal government should be better aligned on what elements of a project are to be studied and on what work should be carried out.聽
However, Collison says governments should ensure they aren't watering down regulations when provincial and federal analyses are fast-tracked or streamlined. 鈥淚f that鈥檚 the case, I think we risk making decisions that are not well-informed by evidence.鈥
Westwood and Collison have made their report publicly available and searchable. They say they hope that by doing so they can encourage provinces to work together on improving environmental assessments.
This report by 好色tvwas first published Nov. 3, 2025.
