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China in January for its citizens traveling from abroad, and over the past few months has gradually that Chinese people can travel to and increased the number of international flights.

Beijing ended its tough domestic “zero COVID” policy only in December, after years of draconian curbs that at times included full-city lockdowns and lengthy quarantines for people who were infected.

The restrictions slowed the world’s second-largest economy, leading to rising unemployment and rare instances of unrest.

As part of those measures, incoming travelers were required to isolate for weeks at government-designated hotels.

Protests in major cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Nanjing , in the most direct challenge to the Communist Party’s rule since the Tiananmen protests of 1989.

In early December, authorities , ushering in .

A U.S. federally funded study this month found the abrupt dismantling of the “zero COVID” policy may have led to nearly 2 million excess deaths in the following two months. That number greatly exceeds official estimates of 60,000 deaths within a month of the lifting of the curbs.

During the years of “zero COVID,” local authorities occasionally imposed snap lockdowns in attempts to isolate infections. People were trapped inside offices and apartment buildings. In some cases widely discussed on social media, authorities sealed residents’ doors with wires and bolts to try to stop the virus from spreading.

From April until June last year, the city of Shanghai in one of the world’s largest pandemic-related mass lockdowns. Residents were required to take frequent PCR tests and had to rely on government food supplies, often described as insufficient.

Throughout the pandemic, Beijing touted its “zero COVID” policy -– and the initial relatively low number of infections -– as an example of the superiority of China’s political system over that of Western democracies.

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Associated Press news assistant Caroline Chen in Beijing contributed to this report.