NEW YORK (AP) 鈥 President Donald Trump is eyeing Hollywood for his next round of tariffs, threatening to levy all films produced outside the U.S. at a steep rate of 100%.
Over the weekend, Trump accused other countries of 鈥渟tealing the movie-making capabilities鈥 of the U.S. and said that he had authorized the Commerce Department and the U.S. Trade Representative to immediately begin the process of implementing this new import tax on all foreign-made films. But further specifics or dates weren't provided. And the White House confirmed that had been made as of Monday.
Trump later said that about the proposal but a lot remains unclear about how an import tax on complex, international productions could even be implemented.
If imposed, experts warn that such a tariff would dramatically hike the costs of making movies today. That uncertainty could put filmmakers in limbo, much like other industries that have recently been caught in the crosshairs of today鈥檚 ongoing trade wars.
Unlike other sectors that have recently been targeted by tariffs, however, movies go beyond physical goods, bringing larger intellectual property ramifications into question. Here's what we know.
Why is Trump threatening this steep movie tariff?
Trump is citing national security concerns, a justification he's to impose import taxes on certain countries and a range of sector-specific goods.
In a Sunday night on his social media platform Truth Social, Trump claimed that the American movie industry is 鈥淒YING to a very fast death" as other countries offer 鈥渁ll sorts of incentives鈥 to draw filmmaking away from the U.S.
Trump has previously voiced concern about movie production moving overseas. And in recent years, U.S. film and television production has been hampered between setbacks from the COVID-19 pandemic, of 2023 and . Incentive programs have also long-influenced where movies are shot both abroad and , with more production leaving California to states like Georgia and New Mexico -- as well as countries like Canada.
But unlike other sectors targeted by Trump's recently-imposed tariffs, the American film industry currently holds a trade deficit that's in the U.S.'s favor.
In movie theaters, American-produced movies overwhelmingly dominate the domestic marketplace. Data from the Motion Picture Association also shows that American films made $22.6 billion in exports and $15.3 billion in trade surplus in 2023 鈥 with a recent report noting that these films 鈥済enerated a positive balance of trade in every major market in the world鈥 for the U.S.
Last year, international markets accounted for over 70% of Hollywood鈥檚 total box office revenue, notes Heeyon Kim, an assistant professor of strategy at Cornell University. She warns that tariffs and potential retaliation from other countries impacting this industry could result in billions of dollars in lost earnings and thousands of jobs.
鈥淭o me, (this) makes just no sense," she said, adding that such tariffs could "undermine otherwise a thriving part of the U.S. economy.鈥
The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, which represents behind-the-scenes entertainment workers across the U.S. and Canada, said in a Monday that Trump had 鈥渃orrectly recognized鈥 the 鈥渦rgent threat from international competition鈥 that the American film and television industry faces today. But the union said it instead recommended the administration implement a federal production tax incentive and other provisions to 鈥渓evel the playing field鈥 while not harming the industry overall.
How could a tax on foreign-made movies work?
That's anyone's guess.
鈥淭raditional tariffs apply to physical imports crossing borders, but film production primarily involves digital services 鈥 shooting, editing and post-production work that happens electronically," notes Ann Koppuzha, a lawyer and business law lecturer at Santa Clara University's Leavey School of Business.
Koppuzha said that film production is more like an applied service that can be taxed, not tariffed. But taxes require Congressional approval, which could be a challenge even with a Republican majority.
Making a movie is also an incredibly complex 鈥 and international 鈥 process. It鈥檚 common for both large and small films to include production in the U.S. and in other countries. Big-budget movies like the upcoming 鈥淢ission: Impossible 鈥 The Final Reckoning,鈥 for instance, are shot around the world.
U.S. studios frequently shoot abroad because tax incentives can aid production costs. But a blanket tariff across the board could discourage that or limit options, Kim said 鈥 hurting both Hollywood films and the global industry that helps create them.
鈥淲hen you make these sort of blanket rules, you鈥檙e missing some of the nuance of how production works,鈥 added Steven Schiffman, a longtime industry veteran and adjunct professor at Georgetown University. 鈥淪ometimes you just need to go to the location, because frankly it鈥檚 way too expensive just to try to create in a soundstage鈥
Schiffman points to popular titles filmed outside the U.S. 鈥 such as Warner Bros' 鈥淗arry Potter鈥 series, which was almost entirely shot in the U.K. 鈥淭he cost to have done that would have like literally double to produce those movies under this proposed tariff," he said.
Could movie tariffs have repercussions on other intellectual property?
Overall, experts warn that the prospect of tariffing foreign-made movies ventures into uncharted waters.
鈥淭here鈥檚 simply no precedent or sense for applying tariffs to these types of creative services,鈥 Koppuzha said. And while the Trump administration could extend similar threats to other forms of intellectual property, like music, 鈥渢hey鈥檇 encounter the same practical hurdles."
But if successful, some also warn of potential retaliation. Kim points to 鈥渜uotas" that some countries have had to help boost their domestic films by ensuring they get a portion of theater screens, for example. Many have reduced or suspended such quotas over the years in the name of open trade 鈥 but if the U.S. places a sweeping tariff on all foreign-made films, these kinds of quotas could come back, 鈥渨hich would hurt Hollywood film or any of the U.S.-made intellectual property,鈥 Kim said.
And while U.S. dominance in film means 鈥渢here are fewer substitutes鈥 for retaliation, Schiffman notes that other forms of entertainment 鈥 like game development 鈥 could see related impacts down the road.
Others stress the potential consequences of hampering international collaboration overall.
鈥淐reative content distribution requires thoughtful economic approaches that recognize how modern storytelling flows across borders," notes Frank Albarella, U.S. media and telecommunications sector leader at KPMG. "The question hanging over every screen: Might we better nurture American storytelling through smart, targeted incentives, or could we inadvertently force audiences to pay more for what could become a narrower creative landscape?鈥
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AP Writers Jake Coyle and Jill Colvin in New York, Aamer Madhani in Palm Beach, Florida and Darlene Superville in Washington contributed to this report.
